01 · Experts, Policy & Institutions
Why was the “80% reduction” target not corrected?
Examines a policy-shaping number through measurability, scrutiny, and correction procedures, showing how Kujo approaches public oversight of expertise.
George Kujo / 九条丈二
Selected Agora Essays
Reading the gap between institutional design and institutional reality
Starting with medical institutions and extending to public administration, energy policy, transport, aviation, and market systems, George Kujo asks why institutions persist after drifting from their purposes, who bears the costs, and who can correct their mistakes. His essays draw on primary sources, statistics, institutional documents, and public data.
Ten essays selected from more than 100 Agora contributions to show a consistent method across different fields. All linked articles are in Japanese; English titles describe the original essays.
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Policy correction, scrutiny of expertise, and corporate incentives: a shared method across different fields.
02 · Experts, Policy & Institutions
Who verifies the expert graphs that shape government policy?
Asks how influential expert advice can be challenged and audited, demonstrating an institutional approach to expertise rather than a rejection of it.
03 · Markets, Transport & Corporate Systems
How far can airlines become payment businesses? ANA and JAL loyalty strategies
Reads airlines as systems of payments, miles, and membership, showing how the same analysis of institutional incentives travels beyond healthcare.
Medical Institutions & Patient Rights
Medical Institutions & Patient Rights
Visiting rights beyond reimbursement rules: our BMJ commentary
Shows how Kujo connects patient rights to proportionality, exceptions, and review procedures without treating infection control and family presence as a binary choice.
Medical Institutions & Patient Rights
Hospital visiting restrictions, patient rights, and institutional accountability
Connects hospital visiting restrictions to rights, governance, and accountability, illustrating the link between public essays and research in the Journal of Medical Ethics.
Medical Regulation & Institutional Exit
Conditional drug approvals: does the exit mechanism work?
Tests a regulatory exit mechanism against its actual record, showing how Kujo uses published research and institutional evidence to ask who bears responsibility when a policy fails.
Public Administration & Policy
Public Administration & Accountability
The economic value of amakudari: why does government not follow the money?
Moves beyond moral judgments about revolving doors to measurable changes in lending, contracts, and firm value. Kujo connects personnel records to financial outcomes to make accountability testable.
Energy Policy & Market Design
Renewable-energy surcharges: who pays and who profits?
Examines energy policy through the distribution of costs and investment returns, showing how Kujo traces the incentives created when broad public burdens support concentrated financial opportunities.
Markets, Transport & Corporate Systems
Markets, Transport & Corporate Systems
Why are Japanese taxis so expensive? Comparing official fares with Seoul
Uses official fares and public data to compare regulation and market structure, demonstrating how international comparisons can illuminate everyday institutional choices.
Markets, Transport & Corporate Systems
Who provides transport before autonomous driving becomes widespread?
Separates future technology from present choices about regulation, supply, and staffing, showing an approach that turns institutional constraints into policy options.
More on Agora
George Kujo has published more than 100 essays on medical institutions, public policy, research, markets, transport, aviation, and related institutional questions.
View the Agora author page ↗Medical institutions · Patient rights · Public policy · Research systems · Institutional accountability · Markets and incentives